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Generalized Kokotsakis Meshes & Bricard Octahedra

This project is devoted to the classification of flexible generalizations of Kokotsakis meshes and Bricard octahedra.


This project is funded by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF).

Grant DOI: 10.55776/PAT1713226 (FWF project page)

Duration: 2027-2031

FWF-Funding: € 225 490.00

Project leader: Georg Nawratil

 

CAD model and physical model of a bi-Bennett
CAD model and physical model of a bi-Bennett:
Generalized Bricard octahedron where one pair of opposite 4R-loops consists of two Bennett 4R-mechanisms and all remaining four 4R-loops are spherical.

Aims and Scope

Over the past decades, considerable research has focused on discrete structures that can move only because of special geometric relations of their components. Many of these so-called overconstrained mechanisms, which are of interest in engineering, architecture, art, and origami-inspired design, contain Kokotsakis belts: polyhedral strips surrounding an n-sided central polygon, with three faces meeting at each vertex of the polygon. For n=3, Kokotsakis belts are closely related to Bricard's flexible octahedra, since an additional eighth face can be attached without restricting their motion.

To expand the design space of transformable structures, we generalize these mechanisms by allowing skew faces and by no longer restricting their 4R-loops to spherical ones; planar 4R-loops and Bennett 4R-mechanisms are also permitted. This project aims to classify these generalized structures with overconstrained mobility.

One open PhD-position

The open position has been announced via the VSM-call. The application deadline is December 13, 2026.

Related Publications

  1. G. Nawratil: Flexible octahedra in the projective extension of the Euclidean 3-space. Journal for Geometry and Graphics 14 (2) 147-169 (2010) [Part of the cumulative Habilitation thesis]
  2. G. Nawratil: On Continuous Flexible Kokotsakis Belts of the Isogonal Type and V-Hedra with Skew Faces. Journal for Geometry and Graphics 26 (2) 237-251 (2022) [Preprint]
    Supplementary data: Animations of the mobility of a skew quad V-hedron, its spherical image and reciprocal-parallel mechanism, respectively
  3. G. Nawratil: Bi-Bennetts - Flexible arrangement of two Bennett tubes. Computer Aided Geometric Design 126 102535 (2026) [arXiv:2507.08356]

Related Talks

  1. G. Nawratil: Habilitationskolloquium, TU Vienna June 27 2011, Austria, Title: Flexible octahedra, their generalization and application. [Slides]
  2. G. Nawratil: Discrete Geometric Structures 2022, Vienna August 29-September 2 2022, Austria, Title: On continuous flexible Kokotsakis belts of the isogonal type and V-hedra with skew faces. [Slides]
  3. G. Nawratil: Conference on Geometry: Theory and Applications, Sopron June 16-20 2025, Hungary, Title: Flexible arrangement of two Bennett tubes. [Abstract, Slides]

Quick Links


Georg Nawratil
Flexible Structures
Higher-Order Flexibility of Geometric Structures
Singularity Closeness of Stewart-Gough Platforms
Stewart-Gough Platforms with Self-Motions

External Links


Austrian Science Fund (FWF)

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